Effects of bark mulch and npk fertilizer on yield,leaf nutrient status and soil mineral nitrogen during three years of strawberry production

The effects of bark mulch and NPK fertilizers on yield and leaf and soil nutrient status of ‘Korona’ strawberry plants (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.), were studied over a period of three years. A significant effect of mulching was found in the first harvest year, but additional fertilizer did not affect total yield. Bark mulch slightly decreased the level of leaf nitrogen, but increased the level of leaf phosphorus and potassium in all years. Bark had a significant, negative effect on soil nitrate and ammonium content in the two first seasons. Mulching increased the soil moisture content in all years.     

现代电子称重技术发展对森林收获计测的影响

回顾森林收获计测技术的发展历史,分析现代电子称量技术的发展应用前景,指出木材及木制品以体积计量计价的局限性和以重量计量计价的优势,认为当前一些木材市场上出现的买卖双方以重量而不是以材积计量计价现象有其历史必然性。基于以重量计量计价更为客观、准确、快捷、高效,并大幅降低成本的优势,其在纸浆等工业原料林经营、林业碳汇贸易等方面具有广泛应用潜力。     

青贮笋壳对奶牛生产性能及部分血清生化指标的影响

为研究青贮笋壳在奶牛生产中的应用效果，试验选用15头健康荷斯坦奶牛随机分成3组，即对照组、试验1组（6 kg青贮笋壳替代对照组日粮中1.5 kg的苜蓿干草）和试验2组（9 kg青贮笋壳替代对照组日粮中2.5 kg的苜蓿干草），进行为期60 d的饲养试验，其中预饲期10 d，正式期50 d。试验结果表明，试验1组产奶量较对照组和试验2组有所提高，但差异不显著（P＞0.05），试验1组4%标准奶产量则显著高于试验2组和对照组（P＜0.05）。试验1组乳脂率显著高于试验2组和对照组（P＜0.05），其他乳成分含量各试验组均较对照组有所改善（P＞0.05）。奶牛各项血清生化指标试验组和对照组间无显著差异，均处于正常生理范围。因此，青贮笋壳可以替代部分苜蓿干草在奶牛日粮中使用。     

固态发酵复方中药防治奶牛乳房炎的效果及对生产性能的影响

本研究采用枯草芽胞杆菌和产朊假丝酵母按等比例制作固态发酵复方中药,并对复方中药发酵前后对奶牛乳房炎及生产性能的影响进行了对比分析.结果表明,与空白组相比,复方中药发酵前后均可显著降低奶牛乳房炎的发病率(P＜0.05),可提高牛奶的乳蛋白率(P＞0.05)和乳脂率(P＞0.05),可显著提高奶牛产奶量(P＜0.05),添加复方中药制剂组和发酵的复方中药制剂组的产奶量分别较空白组提高了0.72kg/d和2.64kg/d;经发酵后的复方中药制剂在降低奶牛乳房炎发病率、改善乳品质和增加产奶量等方面的效果均优于未发酵的复方中药制剂(即普通中药制剂);复方中药经发酵后,有利于提高中药的利用率及药理活性.     

Research note: Maize and forage sorghum as silage crops under drought conditions

Abstract

Maize (Senkuil) and a forage sorghum hybrid (DeKalb FS2) were compared as silage crops under drought conditions. Sorghum yielded more digestible organic matter per hectare than maize. Maize and forage sorghum silage were well preserved and stable under aerobic conditions.     

优化施肥对大豆氮素积累及产量的影响

采用大田试验方法,在两种密度(28、33万株.hm-2)条件下,研究了优化施肥对大豆不同器官的含氮量、氮积累量及产量的影响。结果表明,优化施肥显著提高了大豆植株R6期的含氮量,在高密度条件下,叶片含氮量提高了10.6%,茎秆含氮量提高了11.3%(P<0.05)。优化施肥显著增加了R2~R6阶段的氮素积累,其中R4~R6阶段高密度条件下氮积累量提高了41.4%(P<0.01)。R2~R6阶段的氮素积累与产量呈显著正相关。高密度条件下,优化施肥的产量比常规施肥提高了10.5%(P<0.05)。     

五种叶面喷施剂对茶树增产效应的对比试验

2011年在飞竹镇梧桐村茶园内,用茶丰素、茶博士、茶叶催芽素、磷酸二氢钾、尿素等五种叶面喷施剂进行对比试验。实验结果表明:五种叶面喷施剂都有一定的增产效果和经济效益,但以茶丰素的作用最佳,茶博士、茶叶催芽素、磷酸二氢钾的作用又优于尿素。     

Long‐Term Field Drought Affects Leaf Protein Pattern and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Winter Wheat in a Cultivar‐Specific Manner

Recurrent drought periods of varying duration often cause extensive crop damage and affect wheat production in Southern Europe. This study compares biochemical and ultrastructural responses of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to long‐term field drought, and their contribution to final grain yield. Gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analyses combined with transmission electron microscopy and grain yield evaluation were employed to assess drought susceptibility of the wheat cultivars. Two of them behaved as drought‐tolerant, the other two presented as drought sensitive. Enhanced degradation of Rubisco large subunit (RLS), Rubisco small subunit (RSS) and Rubisco activase (RA) accompanied by an increased protease activity and reduced levels of heat shock proteins (HSP70) and dehydrins (DHNs) were associated with drought sensitivity. Drought tolerance coincided with relatively stable or increased HSP70 and DHN contents, and unchanged/higher levels of RLS, RSS and RA. Sensitive cultivars were more vulnerable to ultrastructural damages, showing obvious degradation of chloroplast membrane systems and depletion of leaf starch reserves. These drought responses affected yield potential, as tolerant cultivars gave higher yield under intense drought. Thus, our results provide additional insights into the complexity of plant drought responses, identifying multiple interacting traits that may serve as indirect selection criteria for wheat drought tolerance.